Batik

Batik (Javanese pronunciation: [ˈbateʔ]; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈbaːtik]; English: /ˈbætɪk/ or /bəˈtiːk/) is cloth which traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique. Due to modern advances in the textile industry, the term has been extended to include fabrics which incorporate traditional batik patterns even if they are not produced using the wax-resist dyeing techniques. Silk batik is especially popular.^{[citation needed]}

Javanese traditional batik, especially from Yogyakarta and Surakarta, has special meanings rooted to the Javanese conceptualization of the universe. Traditional colours include indigo, dark brown, and white which represent the three major Hindu Gods (Brahmā, Visnu, and Śiva). This is related to the fact that natural dyes are only available in indigo and brown. Certain patterns can only be worn by nobility; traditionally, wider stripes or wavy lines of greater width indicated higher rank. Consequently, during Javanese ceremonies, one could determine the royal lineage of a person by the cloth he or she was wearing.

Other regions of Indonesia have their own unique patterns which normally take themes from everyday lives, incorporating patterns such as flowers, nature, animals, folklore or people. The colours of pesisir batik, from the coastal cities of northern Java, is especially vibrant, and it absorbs influence from the Javanese, Arab, Chinese and Dutch culture. In the colonial times pesisir batik was a favorite of the Peranakan Chinese, Dutch and Eurasians.

UNESCO designated Indonesian batik, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009.In return of the acknowledgment, UNESCO demanded Indonesia to preserve their heritage.

Etymology

Although the word's origin is Javanese, its etymology may be either from the Javanese amba ('to write') and titik ('dot' or 'point'), or constructed from a hypothetical Proto-Austronesian root *beCík, meaning 'to tattoo' from the use of a needle in the process. The word is first recorded in English in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1880, in which it is spelled battik. It is attested in the Indonesian Archipelago during the Dutch colonial period in various forms: mbatek, mbatik, batek and batik.

History

Wax resist dyeing technique in fabric is an ancient art form. Discoveries show it already existed in Egypt in the 4th century BCE, where it was used to wrap mummies; linen was soaked in wax, and scratched using a sharp tool. In Asia, the technique was practiced in China during the T'ang dynasty (618-907), and in India and Japan during the Nara period (645-794). In Africa it was originally practiced by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, Soninke and Wolof in Senegal.

In Java, Indonesia, batik predates written records. GP. Rouffaer argues that the technique might have been introduced during the 6th or 7th century from India or Sri Lanka. On the other hand, JLA. Brandes (a Dutch archeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (an Indonesian archeologist) believe it is a tradition native to regions such as Toraja, Flores, Halmahera, and Papua. It is noteworthy that these areas were not directly influenced by Hinduism but do have an old tradition of making batik.

GP. Rouffaer also reported that the gringsing pattern was already known by the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that such a delicate pattern could only be created by means of the canting (also spelled tjanting or tjunting; IPA: [tʃantɪŋ]) tool. He proposed that the canting was invented in Java around that time.

Batik was mentioned in the 17th century Malaysian literature, Sulalatus Salatin. The legend goes when Laksamana Hang Nadim was ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of serasah cloth (batik) with 40 types of flowers depicted on each. Unable to find any that fulfilled the requirements, he made up his own. On his return unfortunately, his ship sank and he only managed to bring four pieces, earning displeasure from the Sultan.

In Europe, the technique is described for the first time in the History of Java, published in London in 1817 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles who had been a British governor for the island, during the period when Napoleon occupied Holland. In 1873 the Dutch merchant Van Rijckevorsel gave the pieces he collected during a trip to Indonesia to the ethnographic museum in Rotterdam. And it was indeed starting from the early 19th century that the art of batik really grew finer and reached its golden period. Exposed to the Exposition Universelle at Paris in 1900, the Indonesian batik impressed the public and the artisans.

Due globalization and industrialization, which introduced automated techniques, new breeds of batik, known as batik cap (IPA: [tʃap]) and batik print emerged, and the traditional batik which incorporates the hand written wax-resist dyeing technique is known now as batik tulis (lit: 'Written Batik'). At the same time Indonesian immigrants to Malaysia and Singapore brought Indonesian batik with them.

After years of effort, UNESCO designated Indonesian batik, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. In return of the acknowledgment, UNESCO demanded Indonesia to preserve their heritage.

Culture

The Javanese aristocrats R.A. Kartini in kebaya and her husband.Her skirt is of batik, with the parang pattern which was for aristocrats

Depending on the quality of the art work, dyes, and fabric, the finest batik tulis halus cloth can fetch several thousand dollars, reflecting the fact that it probably took several months to make. Batik tulis has both sides of the cloth ornamented.

In Indonesia, traditionally, batik was sold in 2.25-meter lengths used for kain panjang or sarong for kebaya dress. It can also be worn by wrapping it around the body, or made into a hat known as blangkon. Infants are carried in batik slings decorated with symbols designed to bring the child luck. Certain batik designs are reserved for brides and bridegrooms, as well as their families. The dead are shrouded in funerary batik. Other designs are reserved for the Sultan and his family or their attendants. A person's rank could be determined by the pattern of the batik he or she wore.

For special occasions, batik was formerly decorated with gold leaf or dust. This cloth is known as prada (a Javanese word for gold) cloth. Gold decorated cloth is still made today; however, gold paint has replaced gold dust and leaf.

Sacred Dance of Bedhoyo Ketawang. The batik is wrapped around the body

Batik garments play a central role in certain rituals, such as the ceremonial casting of royal batik into a volcano. In the Javanese naloni mitoni "first pregnancy" ceremony (tujuh bulanan in Indonesian), the mother-to-be is wrapped in seven layers of batik, wishing her good things. Batik is also prominent in the tedak siten ceremony when a child touches the earth for the first time. Batik is also part of the labuhan ceremony when people gather at a beach to throw their problems away into the sea.

Contemporary batik, while owing much to the past, is markedly different from the more traditional and formal styles. For example, the artist may use etching, discharge dyeing, stencils, different tools for waxing and dyeing, wax recipes with different resist values and work with silk, cotton, wool, leather, paper or even wood and ceramics. The wide diversity of patterns reflects a variety of influences, ranging from Arabic calligraphy, European bouquets and Chinese phoenixes to Japanese cherry blossoms and Indian or Persian peacocks.

In Indonesia, batik popularity has its up and downs. Historically it was essential for ceremonial costumes and it was worn as part of a kebaya dress, which was commonly worn every day. According to Professor Michael Hitchcock of the University of Chichester (UK), batik "has a strong political dimension. The batik shirt was invented as a formal non-Western shirt for men in Indonesia in the 1960s. It waned from the 1960s onwards, because more and more women chose western clothes. However, batik clothing has revived somewhat in the 21st century, due to the effort of Indonesian fashion designers to innovate the kebaya by incorporating new colors, fabrics, and patterns. Batik is a fashion item for many young people in Indonesia, such as a shirt, dress, or scarf for casual wear. For a formal occasion, a kebaya is standard for women. It is also acceptable for men to wear batik in the office or as a replacement for jacket-and-tie at certain receptions.

In one form or another, batik has worldwide popularity. Nelson Mandela wears a batik shirt on formal occasions, the South Africans call it a Madiba shirt. The Malaysian singer Siti Nurhaliza wore an Indonesian kebaya and batik on her wedding day. The late mother of United States president Barack Obama, Ann Dunham was an avid collector of Batik. In 2009, an exhibition of Dunham's textile batik art collection (A Lady Found a Culture in its Cloth: Barack Obama's Mother and Indonesian Batiks) toured six museums in the United States, finishing the tour at the Textile Museum.

Batik is often worn in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and southern Thailand, brought there by Indonesian immigrants or merchants in the 19th century. The flight attendants of Indonesian, Singaporean, and Malaysian national airlines all wear batik in their uniform. Batik sarongs are also designed as wraps for casual beachwear.

Now, not only is batik used as a material to clothe the human body, its uses also include furnishing fabrics, heavy canvas wall hangings, tablecloths and household accessories. Batik techniques are used by famous artists to create batik paintings which grace many homes and offices.

Types and Variations of Batik

Javanese Kraton Batik (Javanese court Batik)

Javanese keraton (court) Batik is the oldest batik tradition known in Java. Also known as Batik Pedalaman (inland batik) in contrast with Batik Pesisiran (coastal batik). This type of batik has earthy color tones such as black, brown, and dark yellow (sogan), sometimes against a white background. The motifs of traditional court batik have symbolic meanings. Some designs are restricted: larger motifs can only be worn by royalty; and certain motifs are not suitable for women, or for specific occasions (e.g., weddings).

The palace courts (keratonan) in two cities in central Java are known for preserving and fostering batik traditions:

• Surakarta (Solo City) Batik. Traditional Surakarta court batik is preserved and fostered by the Susuhunan and Mangkunegaran courts. The main areas that produce Solo batik are the Laweyan and Kauman districts of the city. Solo batik typically has sogan as the background color. Pasar Klewer near the Susuhunan palace is a retail trade center.
• Yogyakarta Batik. Traditional Yogya batik is preserved and fostered by the Yogyakarta Sultanate and the Pakualaman court. Usually Yogya Batik has white as the background color. Fine batik is produced at Kampung Taman district. Beringharjo market near Malioboro street is well known as a retail batik trade center in Yogyakarta.

Pesisir Batik (Coastal Batik)

Cirebon batik depicting sea creatures

Pesisir batik is created and produced by several areas on the northern coast of Java and on Madura. As a consequence of maritime trading, the Pesisir batik tradition was more open to foreign influences in textile design, coloring, and motifs, in contrast to inland batik which was relatively independent of outside influences. For example, Pesisir batik utilizes vivid colors and Chinese motifs such as clouds, phoenix, dragon, qilin, lotus, peony, and floral patterns.

• Pekalongan Batik. The most famous Pesisir Batik production area is the city of Pekalongan in Central Java province.
• Cirebon Batik. Also known as Trusmi Batik because that is the primary production area. The most well known Cirebon batik motif is megamendung (rain cloud) that was used in the former Cirebon kraton. This cloud motif shows Chinese influence.
• Lasem Batik. Lasem batik is characterized by a bright red color called abang getih pithik (chicken blood red).
• Tuban Batik
• Madura Batik

Indonesian Batik from other areas

Java

• Garut Batik. This type of batik is produced by Sundanese people in the Garut district of West Java province. Despite applying traditional Javanese court motifs such as parang, Garut batik uses lighter and brighter colors compared to Javanese court batik.
• Baduy Batik. This rare type of batik is produced by Kanekes Baduy Luar ("outer circle Baduy") people in their mountainous region of Banten province. It is characterized by floral patterns that use a limited range colors—black, white, and dark blue—due to the use of natural dyes such as tarum (indigo dye).
• Banten Batik. This type of batik employs bright and soft pastel colors. It represents a revival of a lost art from the Sultanate of Banten, rediscovered through archaeological work during 2002-2004. Twelve motifs from locations such as Surosowan and several other places have been identified.^[11]
• Java Hokokai Batik. This type is characterized by flowers in a garden surrounded by butterflies. This motif originated during the Japanese occupation of Java in the early 1940s.

Bali

• Balinese Batik. Balinese batik was influenced by neighbouring Javanese Batik and is relatively recent compared to the latter island, having been stimulated by the tourism industry and consequent rising demand for souvenirs (since the early 20th century). In addition to the traditional wax-resist dye technique and industrial techniques such as the stamp (cap) and painting, Balinese batik sometimes utilizes ikat (tie dye). Balinese batik is characterized by bright and vibrant colors, which the tie dye technique blends into a smooth gradation of color with many shades.

Sumatra

• Jambi Batik. Trade relations between the Melayu Kingdom in Jambi and Javanese coastal cities have thrived since the 13th century. Therefore, the northern coastal areas of Java (Cirebon, Lasem, Tuban, and Madura) probably influenced Jambi in regard to batik. In 1875, Haji Mahibat from Central Java revived the declining batik industry in Jambi. The village of Mudung Laut in Pelayangan district is known for producing Jambi batik. This Jambi batik, as well as Javanese batik, influenced the batik craft in the Malay peninsula.^[12]
• Riau Batik.
• Palembang Batik.
• Aceh Batik.

Procedure

A Batik Tulis maker applying melted wax following pattern on fabric using canting, Yogyakarta (city), Indonesia.

Melted wax (Javanese: malam) is applied to cloth before being dipped in dye. It is common for people to use a mixture of beeswax and paraffin wax. The beeswax will hold to the fabric and the paraffin wax will allow cracking, which is a characteristic of batik. Wherever the wax has seeped through the fabric, the dye will not penetrate. Sometimes several colours are used, with a series of dyeing, drying and waxing steps.

Dipping cloth in dye.

Thin wax lines are made with a canting, a wooden handled tool with a tiny metal cup with a tiny spout, out of which the wax seeps.

After the last dyeing, the fabric is hung up to dry. Then it is dipped in a solvent to dissolve the wax, or ironed between paper towels or newspapers to absorb the wax and reveal the deep rich colors and the fine crinkle lines that give batik its character. This traditional method of batik making is called batik tulis.

For batik prada, gold leaf was used in the Yogjakarta and Surakarta area. The Central Javanese used gold dust to decorate their prada cloth. It was applied to the fabric using a handmade glue consisting of egg white or linseed oil and yellow earth. The gold would remain on the cloth even after it had been washed. The gold could follow the design of the cloth or could take on its own design. Older batiks could be given a new look by applying gold to them.

Industrialization of Technique

The application of wax with a canting is done with great care and therefore is very time-consuming. As the population increased and commercial demand rose, time-saving methods evolved. Other methods of applying the wax to the fabric include pouring the liquid wax, painting the wax with a brush, and putting hot wax onto pre-carved wooden or copper block (called a cap or tjap) and stamping the fabric.

The invention of the copper block (cap) developed by the Javanese in the 20th century revolutionized batik production. By block printing the wax onto the fabric, it became possible to mass-produce designs and intricate patterns much faster than one could possibly do by using a canting.

Batik print is the common name given to fabric which incorporates batik pattern without actually using the wax-resist dyeing technique. It represents a further step in the process of industrialization, reducing the cost of batik by mass-producing the pattern repetitively, as a standard practice employed in the worldwide textile industry.

Nintendo's ‘Wii Fit Plus’ adds pet support The updated title lets players create avatars of their dogs and cats

Pet owners can weigh themselves with their furry friends on "Wii Fit Plus," the follow-up to the top-selling Nintendo workout game.

The updated title lets players create avatars of their dogs and cats, enter information such as their pet's birthday, and use the scalelike Wii Balance Board controller to weigh themselves and their pets. The game will then continue to monitor the pet's weight alongside its owner.

"It's so fun to have a motivator when you're working out," said Katie Cray, Nintendo entertainment and trend marketing manager. "Obviously, if you have a dog, you're probably out there walking your dog and playing with it, and that's exercise in and of itself, so it's nice to have the ability to track the progress of both your dog and yourself."

"Wii Fit Plus," which launches Sunday, doesn't have any training exercises for pets. It does have several new features for users, including three strength training exercises, three yoga activities and 15 balance games. Players can customize their routines, allowing them to focus on working out specific parts of their bodies.

Nintendo invited the media and celebrities including Rachael Leigh Cook, Nick Cannon and Brooke Burke — and their pooches — to preview the game Wednesday at the "Wii Fit Plus" Fitness Club, a Beverly Hills space transformed for one day into a posh health club, led by trainer Tracy Anderson, whose celebrity clientele includes Madonna.

"I will definitely prescribe it to people who are at a level where they lack a mind-body connection or they lack motivation or also people like Gwyneth Paltrow, who I train all the time," Anderson said. "Sometimes we're in trailers on movie sets, and we don't have a lot of room, but it doesn't take much room to set up `Wii Fit Plus' and customize a program."

Moon crash produces much data, little drama Scientists analyze readings sent back from impact for signs of water ice

Scientists said NASA's moon-smashing mission produced enough data on Friday to address questions about lunar water ice — but the crash didn't come close to meeting public expectations as a cosmic fireworks show.

"Today we kicked up some moondust, and all indications are we are going to have some really interesting results," said Pete Worden, director of NASA's Ames Research Center in California. Ames served as the mission control center for the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite mission, or LCROSS.

The aim of the $79 million mission was to send two spacecraft — a spent rocket stage and an instrument-equipped "shepherding spacecraft" — down into a crater near the moon's south pole at about 5,600 mph (9,000 kilometers per hour) and see if the impacts threw up water ice. Recent research has confirmed the view that water ice is prevalent on the lunar surface, and scientists believe permanently shadowed craters are the best places to find such ice.

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/

Ponsel Sony Ericsson T707, Generasi Flip Dari T-Series

Buat Anda pemerhati ponsel, mungkin ada ponsel baru lagi dari Sony Ericsson yang mungkin bisa jadi referensi buat Anda yang ingin ganti ponsel baru.

Kali ini hadir generasi terbaru dari T-Series, namun mungkin agak sedikit berbeda dari generasi-generasi sebelumnya. Sony Ericsson T707 ini merupakan jenis ponsel flip, yang sangat elegan bila digunakan. Produk ini sendiri diinspirasi oleh warna-warna pelangi. Efek cahaya, external screen dan motif ripple-and-circle memberikan nuansa sedikit berbeda dan lebih modis.

Spesifikasi Sony Ericsson T707 :

• Quad-band GSM and 3G with HSDPA support
• 3.15 megapixel camera with Cell-ID geotagging
• 2.2″ 256K-color TFT display with 240 x 320 pixels resolution
• Scratch resistant secondary monochrome external display (36 x 128 pixels)
• 100 MB internal memory
• Bluetooth with A2DP
• Hot-swappable M2 card slot (up to 16 GB)
• FM radio with RDS
• Basic multi-tasking support
• Gesture control

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

• Light effects with 5 colors, assignable to contacts
• Smart dialing
• Threaded messaging

layStation Motion Controller

Ini bukanlah game peperangan, tapi ini lebih dikenal dengan perangkat PlayStation Motion Controller yang diproduksi oleh Sony. Perangkat tersebut telah menjadi perangkat game controller yang sedang banyak ditunggu-tunggu oleh para gamer.

Dalam hal ini Tim SCEA R&D telah cukup berupaya meletakan bersama-sama beberapa di belakang layar pada perangkat ini. Berkenaan dengan itu, mereka juga telah memberi catatan secara detil mengenai asal usul perangkat controller ini berikut beberapa panduan teknisnya sehingga dapat memberi informasi dan catatan tersendiri bagi para penggunanya.

Menurut pihak Sony, ini cukup menjadi perhitungan saja. Dan bagi Anda yang akan menjajal kemampuan perangkat ini, sekiranya dapat bersabar sejenak dahulu. Pasalnya ini baru akan terealisasi pada kehadirannya dipasaran yang sedianya akan direncanakan mulai akhir September 2009 mendatang.

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Anak 9 Tahun Buat Program Aplikasi iPhone

Zaman emang udah sangat maju, anak tambah pintar, tapi kalau ada anak 9 tahun mampu membuat program aplikasi iPhone yang juga laku dijual tentu tetaplah suatu berita yang menarik.

Anak 9 tahun ini bernama Lim Ding Wen dari negara tetangga kita Singapura yang memilih membuat program melukis dinamakan Doodle Kids yang sudah didownload lebih dari 4000 kali pada awal Februari 2009 ini.

Program ini dapat dibeli lewat Applet iTunes store dan merupakan program yang memberikan fasilitas pengguna untuk menggambar menggunakan layar sentuh iPhone dan membersihkan layar dengan menggoyangkan iPhone tersebut.

Anak ini membuat program untuk adik ceweknya yang suka menggambar di mana adiknya berumur 3 dan 5 tahun.

Lim menguasai 6 bahasa pemrograman, dimana dia mulai menggunakan kompute rpada umur 2 tahun dan setelah itu sudah menyelesaikan 20 proyek pemrograman.

Ayahnya Lim Thye Chan adalah CTO (Chief Technology Officer) pada perusahaan teknologi lokal juga telah membuat aplikasi iPhone.

“Setiap pagi kami mencek data statistik yang diemail kepada kami untuk jumlah download aplikasi”, kata Lim senior.

Anak ini juga menyukai membaca buku pemrograman dan sedang menulis program game fiksi ilmiah yaitu “Invader Wars”.

Bahkan anak ini sudah mempunyai situs khusus program aplikasinya, silakan kunjungi di :
http://www.doodle-kids.com/home.html

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Edisi Terbatas Band Hero Drum Wii Segera Dipasarkan Bulan November 2009

Kegemaran bermain alat musik tentu merupakan hal yang sangat menarik apalagi kalau dengan bermain musik Anda mendapatkan hiburan sekaligus bisa berekspresi pada waktu bersamaan. Tak jarang pula banyak orang yang akhirnya berbondong-bondong belajar musik untuk bisa meraih penghidupan yang lebih baik, salah satunya adalah dengan menjadi musisi. Tentu ini bukanlah hal yang mudah melainkan merupakan usaha yang butuh waktu dan latihan secara terus-menerus.

Salah satu cara untuk mendalami alat musik tersebut bahkan kini bisa Anda gapai sembari bermain game PlayStation 3 ataupun Xbox 360. Permainan yang mengasikkan ini tentunya tak bisa Anda mainkan hanya dengan joystick, rasanya akan sangat kurang sekali kalau yang Anda pegang adalah alat yang tak menyerupai alat musik, rasanya agak aneh bukan?

Nah, menjawab keinginan Anda untuk bermain musik pada game, maka tak lama lagi akan segera dipasarkan alat semacam drum yang bisa Anda gunakan untuk bermain game PlayStation 3 dan Xbox 360, kabarnya alat ini akan segera hadir pada bulan November 2009. Edisi ini tentu menjadi edisi spesial musik yang dibundel secara khusus untuk Band Hero dan sangat terbatas. Sayangnya sampai saat ini belum diperinci berapa harga dari drum tersebut, tapi berdoa saja semoga alat ini bisa dipasarkan di Indonesia nantinya.

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Robot Fashion HRP-4C Berbasis LINUX

Jepang memang negara yang amat kaya industri. Begitu juga yang kita dapat lihat dari industri pembuatan robot humanoid atau robot yang bertingkah polah seperti manusia pada umumnya.

Kali ini Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) baru saja mempertunjukkan karya terbarunya dengan robot humanoid tipe HRP-4C, dengan menggunakan sistem operasi berbasis Linux 2.6xx di bawah GPL.

Prototipe HRP-4C ini dirancang seperti wanita muda Jepang yang tak kalah cantik bak seorang model. Robot tersebut memiliki tinggi 158 cm dan berat sekitar 43 kilogram. Untuk saat ini, robot ini mampu berdiri dan berjalan seperti model fashion show dan memberikan salam layaknya wanita Jepang. Rencananya fashion show dari robot ini sendiri dijadwalkan dari 23-29 Maret 2009. Selain itu HRP-4C ini dilengkapi dengan 30 komponen motorik sehingga mampu berekspresi. Dari info yang didapatkan, robot ini rencananya akan siap dijual dengan harga sekitar 2,4 Miliar rupiah.

Di dalam jantung dari prototype HRP-4C ini ditanamkan versi terbaru dari Advanced Real Time (ART) Linux, yang khusus digunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi robotic. Dan dari ART-Linux sendiri versi pertamanya memang sudah kompatibel dengan Linux 2.6.xx yang dirilis oleh Sourceforge kemarin di bawah lisensi GPL. Diakses pengguna tanpa memerlukan driver khusus dan dieksekusi. Namun untuk prosessor sendiri untuk prototype HRP-4C tidak disebutkan secara detail.

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Tahun 2020 Jepang ‘Taklukkan’ Bulan Dengan Robot'

Sebagai negara yang menyanjung tinggi budaya, Jepang juga dikenal sebagai negara yang mengedepankan teknologi robotnya. Nah, Anda masih ingat mungkin beberapa tahun lalu, tahun 2006, dimana negara tirai bambu tersebut pernah mengatakan untuk menempatkan robot-robotnya di bulan.

Sepertinya hal itu masih menjadi keinginan besar untuk diwujudkan. Suatu badan bernama Strategic Headquarters for Space Development di Jepang, mengatakan bahwa mereka berharap akan dapat membuat robot berbentuk manusia (memiliki dua kaki) melintasi permukaan satelit di tahun 2020. Tentunya ini diharapkan dapat membantu kinerja para astronot nantinya.

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Robot Sajikan Ramen di Restoran Jepang

Negeri tirai bambu memang tak pernah kehabisan inovasi. Itulah yang kita ketahui dari negara Jepang yang memang kreatif. Apalagi untuk industri robotic, negara Jepang sepertinya akan terus belajar untuk menerapkan kehidupan manusia yang berdampingan dengan robot. Jangan heran akhirnya kalau nanti saat Anda sedang berlibur ke Jepang dan sedang ingin memesan makanan di restoran Jepang, yang datang melayani pesanan Anda bukanlah lagi pelayan biasa, namun seorang robot. Wah!

Tak perlu tunggu beberapa tahun lagi. Kini di sebuah restoran di Jepang hal tersebut sudah diimplementasikan. Memang ini bukan awal percobaan dari riset pembuatan robot tersebut. Melainkan sudah sekitar 5 tahun lamanya masa pembuatan robot ini. Tentu waktu 5 tahun bukanlah waktu sebentar untuk melakukan percobaan dari robot tersebut, karena pada masa percobaan juga pernah dialami akhirnya sistem dari robot tersebut kacau karena komputer yang digunakan sebagai pengirim instruksi kepada robot ketumpahan sup. Nah lalu apa rasanya yah ramen yang disajikan oleh robot ini? Apakah enak?

Tentunya koki asli pembuat ramen bukanlah robot, melain masih menggunakan jasa manusia. Cuma untuk penyajiannya dan kostumisasi rasa sudah diprogram di komputer sehingga nantinya si robot ini akan mengikuti instruksi yang dikirim melalui komputer. Restoran ini berada di Minami-Alps, Yamanashi, Jepang. Pemilik restoran tersebut, Yoshihara Uchida berkata bahwa sudah ada 40 juta rasa yang berbeda dari yang disajikan dan telah diprogram di komputer ini, dan robot pun akan ikut instruksinya. Selain itu penyajian yang dilakukan pun lebih cepat yaitu hanya 2 menit saja, tentu waktu ini akan lebih cepat dibandingkan Anda memasak mie instan. Robot ini sendiri telah berhasil tes uji kelayakan dan telah dinyatakan boleh dipergunakan terhitung bulan Desember 2008 lalu. Hmmm, anda tertarik untuk mencoba ramen yang disajikan oleh robot ini?

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Robot Jepang Saja Suka Baca Buku, Bagaimana Dengan Anda?

Inilah gambaran robot masa depan, dimana saat ini masih terus dikembangkan di Jepang. Para peneliti Jepang kini sedang mengembangkan Ninomiya-kun, robot yang memiliki kemampuan dapat membaca dengan keras, termasuk membaca buku ataupun bahan-bahan tulisan lainnya.

Robot ini sekarang dikembangkan di Universitas Waseda dan telah merilis Kitakyushu, robot yang menggunakan kamera yang dapat membaca teks, menggunakan software OCR untuk menguraikan apa yang dilihatnya menjadi teks. Konsep inilah yang didapatkan dari scanner, dimana scanner dapat men-scanning teks di kertas dan mengembalikannya menjadi teks di komputer.

Bagaimanapun robot ini masih berupa mesin dan baru memiliki kosa kata yang terbatas yaitu sekitar 2000 kanji, hiragana dan katakana, makanya sampai saat ini para ilmuan terus mengembangkan agar dapat menghasilkan suara yang baik dengan kosa kata yang lebih banyak. Ya semoga saja robot ini nantinya bisa menjadi contoh yang baik, salah satunya agar kita juga lebih rajin membaca ya, jangan sampai buta informasi karena malah membaca.

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Si Robot Beruang Penggendong Manusia dari Jepang By thePinkFighter on August 29th, 2009

Tak Gendong Kemana-mana, tak gendong kemana-mana… itulah sekelumit lirik dari syair “Tak Gendong” yang dilantunkan Mbah Surip (almarhum) yang sempat heboh tempo hari belakangan ini. Ya begitulah ungkapan yang tepat untuk mengilustrasikan kabar dari Jepang ini.

Hm, tampaknya tak ada habis-habisnya kabar menarik sekaligus inovatif yang berhembus dari negera maju yang memiliki teknologi tinggi ini. Bayangkan setiap saat akan ada saja kabar mengenai kehadiran robot dari perancang-perancang handal disana.

Baru-baru ini saja telah terbersit kabar tentang kehadiran robot beruang yang imut yang mampu mengangkat (menggendong) manusia. Pasalnya perusahaan pembuat robot RI-MAN telah mampu menciptakan sebuah robot yang mampu mengangkat dan mengangkat beban seberat ukuran manusia dewasa sekalipun. Dengan tampilan model yang terbaru ini, robot ini dirancang seperti seekor beruang yang imut yang tidak dilengkapi dengan gigi dan cakar yang khas . Meskipun berpenampilan seperti binatang beruang, namun robot ini mampu mengangkat beban dengan sangat lembut dan menyenangkan sehingga Anda tak perlu takut dan khawatir saat digendong.

Mengadopsi RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), robot model terbaru ini memang dimaksudkan paling tidak menyerupai robot perawat yang mampu membantu manusia. Selain itu dilaporkan pula kalau robot ini mampu mengangkat pasien hingga 235 kg (bisa seukuran beban tempat tidur ataupun kursi roda). Dalam melakukan fungsinya, robot ini menggunakan sensor dan beberapa bahan khusus “soft skin” yang menjamin beban yang diangkat selama perjalanan akan merasa nyaman dan menyenangkan. Yuk..tak gendong yuk mbak !

Pertarungan Robot Kondo berkecamuk di Jepang, Visi Kehancuran Manusia Yang Mendekati Kenyataan

Mungkin anda telah akrab dengan modular Kondo robots yang begitu laris di Jepang. Akan tetapi apakah anda juga peduli pada keberadaan “Pertarungan Kondo” dimana para robot berkuasa mati-matian (hingga para robot tersebut hancur) ?

Dalam hal ini, Anda dapat melihat banyak tempat ini dipimpin oleh para robot yang menceritakan sebuah ketahanan hidup (atau bahkan yang lebih besar lagi) sehingga pada akhirnya peperangan pun menjadi menggila dan menjalar ke seluruh kota-kota di seluruh dunia.

Memang ini suatu rekayasa cerita semata dan semua yang diperagakan di sana persis dengan apa yang diceritakan dalam banyak film fiksi ilmiah. Namun dibalik itu semua, yang pasti apa yang diperagakan di sana tampaknya telah menyiratkan seribu kata. Dan tampaknya telah memanjakan mata para hadirin yang menyaksikan langsung peragaan peperangan robot di sana.

Wow, begitu dasyat dan hebohnya peragaan peperangan robot di Jepang tersebut. Dan yang menjadi pertanyaan sekarang, apabila suatu hari nanti para robot berkuasa di muka bumi ini apakah masih ada peradaban manusia yang tetap bertahan di sana? Hm, mengerikan memang seraya mendengar semua itu seandainya menjadi kenyataan pada akhirnya nanti.

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Robot Pintar Berkomunikasi, Ajarkan Nyanyian “Happy Birthday”

Aneh tapi nyata, begitu ucapan yang terlontar dari para penonton setelah menyaksikan secara langsung robot-robot melakukan atraksi yang menakjubkan. Setelah melewati waktu proses dan kerja keras yang melelahkan, akhirnya beberapa robot yang dikembangkan oleh Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research telah membuat para penonton terperangah dan kagum atas kepintaran dan dedikasi robot-robot untuk sama-sama saling mengajar dan tertawa selayaknya manusia sambil menyanyikan lagu “Happy Birthday”. Acara ini diselenggarakan dalam rangka mengisi acara untuk perayaan hari jadi yang ke- 100 tahun Museum Ilmu Pengetahuan (Science Museum) di Inggris.

Apa yang menarik tentang robot-robot tersebut, tampaknya yang membuat kagum adalah kepintarannya dalam mendengarkan suara musik dan dapat beryanyi sambil tertawa. Dan ini ternyata diluar dugaan, dan yang jelas ini semua benar-benar terjadi kalau mereka telah telah diprogram dengan begitu baiknya untuk saling berkomunikasi satu sama lain dan mengajar untuk bernyanyi melalui proses bernyanyi satu sama lain. Wow, fantastis bukan!

http://www.beritateknologi.com/

Stepping on the First Palace of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Kingdom

Do you agree that Yogyakarta Palace that has been 300 years old is the first palace of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat kingdom? Please visit Pesanggrahan Ambarketawang to the south of Yogyakarta city center to confirm your belief. The building in the area served as the first palace of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat kingdom for a year, from 9 October 1755 until 7 October 1756.

A couple of days ago, YogYES visited this pesanggrahan. We left from Kotagede through Kusumanegara and Sultan Agung roads to come to the crossroad of the Grand Post Office. From there, we kept on moving westwards until the first T-junction after Gamping market and we turned left. Then, we turned left again after we found a small direction plank informing the direction to Pesanggrahan Ambarketawang.

First, we were surprised to find that the road was blind. The end of the road was rice field, while the sides of it were houses and yards. We thought of being lost, but finally we changed our mind when we looked to the right side and saw wall in its blackening color. The thickness of the wall assured us that the wall was part of pesanggrahan.

Then, we approached a local inhabitant named Tarsono who happened to be in the location. We did not know that he turned to be the person in charge of managing the land in the pesanggrahan. Through him, who is 72 years old now, we could know parts of the existing building and some areas that used to be important parts of the building that was built by Paku Buwono II.

The wall that we saw the first time turned to be the front wall of this building, while the vacant area in the east of the wall was the gate to get into the pesanggrahan. The field to the south of the wall with big trees on it was the square of the pesanggrahan, while the wall at the south of the wall was a horse stable.

Close to the front wall, there is magic well. The water of the well that is as old as Pesanggrahan Ambarketawang is believed to cure illness. Tarsono told that once there was a paralyzed person who bathed with the water from the well and he could walk at once. To date, local people still make use of this magic well, particularly when there is member of the family who gets sick.

If we look carefully, right to the left of the well, there is a construction of bricks parallel to the ground. The brick construction was the upper part of the underground channel stretching 6 meters northwards. If we follow the bricks, we will see similar bricks construction as the end of the tunnel through which people can pass by.

Still in the adjacent area, we saw a kind of basement floor with moss growing on it. We thought it a common cement building, but it turns to be part of the upper floor of this building. This is the only upper floor that we can still see to exist since the other similar building had disappeared and the ground floor is buried in the earth.

In addition to parts of the pesanggarahan, there is also new building in the form of a hall. Various Javanese arts are performed in the hall, such as macapat or the singing of traditional Javanese songs that is done every Thursday of special Javanese weekday called Pahing and martial art that is held on Tuesdays. The Javanese songs sung in the performance usually tell about the breakup of Mataram kingdom into Surakarta and Yogyakarta, such as the one written in the Chronicle of Giyanti.

After we walked around the area, we walked through the path on the rice field to the north direction. There, we found another part of the pesanggrahan, in the form of wall the directly borders to cemetery. The thick wall of which color is blackening is believed to be the rear wall of the pesanggrahan that stretched to the eastwards and westwards.

To the east of the wall, there is a big stone encircled with iron fence. The big stone was pas of a limestone hill existing in the area. The story tells that it was the existence of the limestone hill deciding the location of the palace construction. Now, the hill has disappeared since much of the limestone was utilized to build houses.

To the right of the big stone, there is a stage as big as the stone, which is not part of the pesanggrahan. The stage was used in one of the offering ceremonies, namely the slaughtering of bekakak (the mannequin of bridal couple). This ceremony is held in commemoration of the many people who were killed while collecting the limestone and now it is done once a year after the date of 20 of Javanese month Sapar.

Generally, the procession of the offering ceremony is done until the front part of pesanggrahan Ambarketawang. Various art performances such as leather puppet, macapat, gamelan and so on are held there. Tarsono told that the offering ceremony that is often called as Saparan is still crowded by visitors both from nearby areas and from distant villages.

If we come to visit pesanggrahan Ambarketawang when Saparan ceremony is held, the enchantment of the first area of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat kingdom will be complete. However, if you do not have time to visit on the day, you can still enjoy its history anytime. At least, you can enjoy the enchantment of the area of this pesanggrahan. No expenses are imposed to enter this area.

source : http://www.yogyes.com/

HARMONIOUS LIFE WITH THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

Every day, happened by the earthquake on the surface of earth. According to american survey geologis, more than three million earthquake happened every year Mean, happened by 8000 earthquake every day or once every 11 minute. Nevertheless, do not all earthquake have damage effect to.

Earthquake can be happened by effect of mount erupt the, meteor fall the, explosion in land, or collapse the structure ( building or cave wall). However, earthquake which is often happened and have the awful effect is effect shift it ground plate in land.

Regional of high Indonesia Potency experience of the earthquake disaster, tsunami, eruption of mount have fire, and landslide. Potency height happened by the disaster of earthquake and tsunami at Indonesia region caused by arrangement and process the Indonesia geology which is located in three ground plate, that is Australian Indo, Eurasia, and pasifik.

Third of that ground plate is continued to make a move the mean 3-4 centimetre of per year. Third of that plate will is ing each other and collide. pound [of] ground plate will generate the pressure ofcollision area. When abysmal bigger pressure is flexing of coat of ground plate aid, will be happened by the breaking or friction. Release of potential energy happened in area of pound plate of weak area alongside suggestion. referred by This of earthquake.

Rock friction sudden generating that earthquake is accompanied by the dashing away [of] rock that happened below/under island and sea floor. Process this will joggle the water go out to sea till generate the waving go out to sea the so-called tsunami. Size measure of waving this can only some tens of centimetre till tens of metre

FRIENDLY NET of ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Friendly Net developed from fish trap model, that is appliance catch the traditional for the fish of compose. With the admission opening which trapeze and small. Fish which come into its will be difficult go out again. During the time, made fish trap from bamboo owning some loss.

To catch the fish compose the, fish trap have to be planted in rock. That is its meaning there is rock shares which must be unloaded. After some times, fish trap attached is on the ground re-lifted. As a result, the fish house go bad the.

Made environmental Friendly net to overcome it. Appliance catch this modern is enough attached at elbow rock in path of fish migration by using flap pillar. In consequence, ridge of rock exposed at low tide remain to is covert the than damage. Later, that jarring is attached by seven undersea meter so that do not bother the ship traffic

System Jarring divided in two shares. There is functioning shares as leadernet longly reach one kilometer. By jarring is which straighten composed by as this fence, fish which gallivanting will be dribbled to by step into the jarring snare or compiler of fish bagnet). By jarring this, fish caught will reach the infinitude. Because sifa fish of like duck which like to gang, if/when one entering jarring, other will follow.

Test-Drive the this environmental friendly jarring conducted in north bali. length the Leadernet 80 fairish and bagnet meter 4 × 4 × 4 meter cubic. From test-drive of during six-month in the year 2001, caught by various rock fish owning economic value, like fish scorpion, and fish kepe-kepe.

This appliance can catch the type of fish of elementary pelagis fish and or fish compose the. Admission opening which in form of pipih will net the rock fish residing in close to sea floor. That, globular way in of ordinary is infiltrated fish pelagis of gallivanting on the top go out to sea the.

Advantage of is differ from this environmental friendly jarring, among others can catch as long as time of because its installation permanent. There no expense of arrest and time of brief fish relative intake. Meanwhile, appliance catch needed to by active of hunting fish and have to use the ship.

Appliance catch this also environmental friendliness because can be attached by the jarring of the size eye jarring which is only snaring adult fish. With the existence of this jarring, fish can be arrested by lifes. Do not like way of damage other, like bomb usage making damage and insensible fish compose,

DISMEMBER STORY IN KOMODO ISLAND

Seeking Komodo often eat the victim, among others a baron is from switzerland, started in close forest precisely rear coast. Officer of national park always guide the expedition team to explore the national park. Since there is tourist lose do not ex- and there is a camera team from singapore attacked by komodo, nobody which dare to enter the national park of island komodo alone. Woman which is menstruating no entrance by garden of because that animal can kiss the fresh blood from distance 4 kilometer.

People nor may rest at the same time lay down. That can be considered to be by a invitation to eat big. But, how if you is attacked? Immediately climb the tree or run as soon as.

Often enter the countryside

Story of about the baron is above is not horrible story is single. Society Labuanbajo, small port town in Island Flores, about 32 km from that island, owning other horrible story. Have a boy pounced on by ora, the naming of local for the komodo of. Benefit its neighbour succeed to draw its body is as half as in throat komodo, then chase that animal. Worse luck it him that child have died the running out of blood. There is again a teacher SD nipped by its right calf is moment he is walk the.

Other story hit the komodo is story from society of Kampong Komodo. Kampong Komodo is countryside which is dwelt by 1.400 resident of located in a covert bay. their Podium house is made the than wood and matting bamboo. Komodo often enter the countryside, but them seldom pounce on adult. In countrified, they prey the goat, dog, and chicken. Even they step into the shack look for the mouse and rest of fish. Usually, resident of Kampong Komodo let it. just They is even also by kept quiet it if komodo dig the its ancestors bonees. That animal is like assumed to have the power of superordinate

Since 15 million year ago

Komodo of is including eldest creature in world. Anticipated by them dating to Indonesia and Australian more than 15 million year ago. Year 1912, this animal is found by a Dutch Iieutenant. He estimate that komodo reach 6 meter. But, during the time, longest komodo only 3.13 weighing meter 166 kilogram.

Nobody being the wiser eldest age boundary of komodo. Ill defined also why the amount of male of thrice more than female or why they are only found in Island of Komodo and Island Rinca, neighbour of Island Komodo

Female of komodo can lay eggs until 25 item in den which far in land. About 8 month then, after the rains, that egg hatch and release the baby as long as 30 cm weighing 80 gr. old age two year, child komodo stay in to apologize for is not preyed by a older friend of a kind.

Komodo have the way of unique of moment dine. They will reach for the prey. Last, sticking tooth to its prey neck. With the snout opened, they swallow the head and include it into its throat. After head, propose part of body. In the end, all of part of body will be swallowed. Animal which is often made by a prey is forest pig. Besides flesh, komodo will batten the husk, fur, foot, and go with the tide. All gone of only during 60 second!

" Scrambling" food with the human being

Komodo require about 50 flesh singk one week. During their are not lack of prey in Island of Komodo and Island Rinca. But, condition of changing, when economic crisis punch the Indonesia. Partly society in island of neighbour Sumbawa look for the source of new production, that is hunting deer and buffalo in national park. Within a week, do not less than 50 tail of deer and buffalo killed.

Custody of National Park [of] Komodo improved to become 106 educative officer in military. However, poacher have the better supply, that is using explosive and automatic pistol. Crossfire [is] often happened. Even, generate the victim from both parties.

Nowadays, there is still 1.600 komodo giant in Island Komodo, 1.500 in Rinca, and also about 200 tail in foreign countries zoo. If deer and buffalo finished, komodo also will be totally disappeared. Their intertribal will each other being pounced on, each other prey. To which at the end of one's rope only can lying in grass wait death.

CULTURAL SOLIDARITY KALANG HOUSE of WEST AND EAST

Kotagede represent the old town of omission of epoch of Mataram Islam. religion Society Life (Islam), still see the strength, meanwhile way of living, way of dressing, formation of residence house etc, distinguishing traditional still take place. Kotagede is often referred as pasargede, historic to keep building of ommission of king of Islam Mataram assumed by sacred also house building remain traditional.

Among house building remain traditional is we meet the building distinguish separate, that is house building remain the Europe nation. This Article try to study the cultural building of The Europe, representing residence of Kalang people [in] Kotagede. Solution by using some esthetics concept which is concerning culture of architecture or techtonics.

Society Kotagede of most is silvery worker and merchant, copper, batik, husk, etcetera. All the merchant many relating to area of outside Kotagede even possible there is which is to abroad. Thereby contact the culture with the area of outside Kotagede very conducive.

Kalang is name from faction one who live in some place which is spread over in Java. Faction of Kalang Kotagede live in the Tegalgendu, it is said come from clan of Kalang people of which is on Glorious Sultan governance time (± year 1640) collected from various place and made room for which remain to, Kalang Faction of that's becoming rich merchant in Kotagede.

Till now foreign nation is not allowed to by live in the Kotagede, this matter is very attractive because exactly in this area many we get the dressy building of Europe. Anticipation of whereas because all rich merchant of Kotagede wish the pattern or style differ from around. Although rich, they not possible (to) make the building of equal to or as luxuriant as traditional building like kraton (sultan palace) or house of all nob, because blocked by regulation going into effect. Single street of all the merchant take the foreign style pattern ( Europe) which is adapted for by a building situation or shake hand around. Precisely presumably mixture style of a kind of this referred as by a Merchant Style to differentiate with the traditional style or sterling Europe style

This symptom have been happened also in Greek Kuna of at pre Christian century IV with the existence of style Korintia created by custom-built of all rich merchant of town Korintia. All the merchant wish the style Korintia differ from the common style that is style of Doria and Ionia. this Style Difference is created to be able to present the properties. Affluence, or pride of all merchant of also happened in rich merchant in Kotagede. More than anything else room move to create and come up to, more than anything else exceed the affluence of house of nob or palace blocked by order of Mataram Kingdom. Dressy Building of This Europe surely property of resident of aborigines kotagede by xself. the Europe Style marking for example - Pillar bar and lead the dressy pillar of Korintia-Romawi - big Fairish Door step with the semicircle form of above its (semi barrel) with the decoration of gorgeous glass in lood - Gallery in form of curves ( arcade - door step big fairish window And and amount to many - Decoration in the form of mosaic by tegel (floor tile) is gorgeous and family device - Made building from brick - Dance the tegel have colourful glost to - Form the roof " saddle roof" ( sadle-dak).

Kalang House although dressy of Europe but remain to do not leave the tradition of Javanese house.

As for traditional marking brought in this merchant style building see for example - wide of Front gallery loo like the pendapa (large open structure in front of java mansion, or attached open veranda that serves as an audience hall) of house joglo - Amount of room of many and narrow;tight fairish - Room formation with the division of like pringgitan, sentong kiwa and tengen and also ndalem. Often also building situating take the pattern of Java house with the existence of gandok kiwa, gandok tengen, gadri etcetera - Fence the yard with the high wall use the door regol (entrance) is laid at made by according to division of pursuant to concept of Java trust, for example door step diametrical imprecise spandrel face to door.

SNAKES

Snakes are reptiles (cold-blooded creatures). They belong to the same group of their own (Serpents).

Snakes have two legs but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes are not slimy. They are covered in scales which are just bumps on the skin. Their skin is hard and glossy to reduce frinction as the snake slithers along the ground.

Snakes often sunbake on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded and they need the sun’s warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in trees, some live in water, but most live on the ground in deserted rabbit burrows, in thick, long grass and in old logs. A snake’s diet usually consist of frogs, lizards, and mice and other snakes. The anaconda can eat small crocodiles and even wild boars.

Many snakes protect themselves with their fangs. Boa Constructions can give you a bear hug which is so powerful I can crush every single bone in your body. Some snakes are protected by scaring their enemies away like the cobra. The flying snakes glides away from danger. Their ribs spread apart and the skin stretches out. Its technique is just like the sugar glider’s.

MOSQUITOS

Mosquitoes are a type of fly. They have a mouth which like a needle. It is used for bitting human skin. They suck the blood through that needle-like mouth. This can cause an itchy spot on our skin. When a mosquito carries a disease, it can spread the disease to other people and it bites other people too.

Mercury and The Carpenter

Once upon time there was a poor carpenter who lived with his family near a deep river.

One day the carpenter was working by the river, when suddenly his axe fell into the river.

“Oh” he said to himself. “What can I do? I’ve lost my axe in the river and I don’t have any money to buy a new one.” Then he began to call for Mercury to help him.

Suddenly Mercury appeared and stood in front of the carpenter.

“What’s the matter?” asked the Mercury. “Why are you calling me?”

“Please help me, Mercury,” said the carpenter. “I’ve just dropped my axe into the river. I can’t buy a new one because I don’t have any money. I am very poor.”

“I’ll help you,” said the Mercury and he dived into the river. In just a moment he came up with a beautiful axe made of gold.

“Is this it?” he asked. The carpenter is an honest man. He shook his head.

“No, my axe isn’t made of gold. It’s just an ordinary one.”

The mercury dived into the river again and he brought a beautiful axe made of silver.

“Is this it?” asked the Mercury.

“No, this isn’t either,” answered the carpenter.

Then Mercury dived into the river for the third time and he brought an axe made of iron.

“Oh, this is mine,” said the carpenter happily. “Thank you very much.”

You are an honest man, so I’ll give you these three axe,” said the Mercury.

The carpenter was very pleased. He thanked Mercury and went home. The next day he sold the gold and silver axe. He got a great deal of money. He became a rich man.

The Carpenter’s neighbours and friends were very surprised when they heard about Mercury and the axes. One of the neighbours was a greedy man.

“Ah”, he said to himself. “Perhaps I can get a lot of money too. Then he went to the river. He threw his axe into the river. He began to cry and call for the mercury.

“Why are you calling me?” asked the Mercury. “What’s the matter?”

The greedy man told Mercury that he had lost his axe in the river. Then Mercury dived into the river and brought up of beautiful axe made of gold.

“Is this it?” he asked the man.

“O, yes, it is. This is my axe,” said the greedy man and he started to take the axe from Mercury.

“Oh no, it isn’t,” said Mercury. This axe isn’t yours. You are dishonest man and because you haven’t been honest I will no get your own axe for you. You threw it into the river yourself.”

The Mercury vanished and the greedy man didn’t see him anymore. He was very sad. He didn’t only get a gold axe but also lost his own axe.

POLITICAL LIFE [of] INDONESIA [of] IN SYSTEM of MULTI PARTY

We realize or reform do not in Indonesia loss have instruct, as means " State Craft" or vehicle of a regime to bring the Indonesian nation of better life level, secure and prosperous, peaceful and peaceful. At a period of President of Soekarno year 1955 Indonesia apply the system of multi of party and governance which parlementer with the implication decline it political stability, economics and security. Ship supposing break which almost sink, finally Bung Karno, immediately take the decision to return to UUD'45. Its Philosophy, we return to pregnant original UUD'45 3 basal element for the implementation of that is: State ideology is : Five Principles, Governance System which Presidensiil, and System democratize summed uply is simple party

President Soeharto of the same as, to build the political stability, during the period have take action strategic make moderate the multi party become 3 party that is; Functional group, PPP And PDI. Step the President Soeharto very effective to run governance wheel in Indonesia. Many developed countries owning is same history experience in developing system democratize like Indonesia, for example: Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Poland and American. Finally they also take action most precise in its democratic country that is: making moderate its system multi party, becoming 2 or 3 party. Its reason; Governance of System presidensiil become more effective, voice from multi party can be barricaded and more sinergis. Governance system which tend to the Parlementer of effect of multi party can be avoided.

How with the Indonesia? Affect the multi party in Indonesia earn the us feel with, that is its difficult is President to make the policy relate to the problem of life of strategic state and nation cover the aspect; political, economic, diplomacy and military. If we perceive focusedly is relation of among Executive and Legislative, President of experiencing of resistantion of because Legislative role more dominant in system of multi party. In fact position of President RI very strong because president selected direct by people of non is selected by DPR. But in the case of publication and authentication of president legislation need the support DPR

DPR representing state institute, exactly become the resistantion in our governance system. Equalizing vision and mission from 42 party, with the very elementary importance and ideology is its difference will very inaccesible. Role DPR, do not more as opposition which always oppose the government for example : problem of politics of LN Indonesia to nuclear program of Iran. While for the TNI OF, system of multi of party of resulting of role TNI as a means of state defence have weakened.

Weakness NKRI is system of Multi Party. System of Multi Party peep out the Instability Politics, what induce to Domestic instability Security. Effect Of System of Multi Party : among others appearance of Dualism Ideology of between State Ideology, what inklusif, with the Party Ideology, exclusive. Party Ideology, exclusive, peeping out Armed Separatist Movement and Radical Movement Primordialism. Radical Movement Primordialism is form for example in the form of : Detonation BOMB in some place in fatherland, and a group of one who feel to have the authority close the place - hotspot exceed the Police authority. Effect of Instability security is lowering trust of all foreign investor to inculcate its capital in Indonesia

Its way out is by making moderate the Amount Of Political Party of Participant of General election step by step, so that remain Two Big Political Party

One of the especial weakness of political party after a period to reform, because sharing have never as its function as party . Political party only solely emerge more or less become the " vehicle" to all elite of party or whosoever to take a ride the power doorstep. This matter, can be happened by because mistake born the

Party mean do not conduct again tight internal consolidation. Paying attention, if there is diet, congress, hence uppermost hitherto only struggling become the party head, even where necessary born the official member of twin. Party seldom conducting political education function at cadre - if tokh have the cadre . There no " political sosialization", or look after the consensus in society of concerning program and dream of the party which possible is. Comparing party founded by before general election 1955. Party formed with the cohesion of various clear religion and ideology and solid, like islam, nationalist, socialist, communist, katholik, Christian is and also led by figure which kharismatic at rancour in political movement before Indonesia independence

Now, uppermost party activity and very dominant, only party function as " mobilization of voters", good face the general election last national and also in pilkada of governor and regional leader. This tweedledum and tweedledee, power business again. In pilkada, even party of like initiative loss. What emerge first time is initiative of all candidate, party is later;then controlled by [all] candidate of money owner and have the charisma. Party of only giving brand and legitimasi which it is not impossible through the items dicker. That is why many emerging double candidate from one party, or candidate which in fact is not praised in society, walk with shaki body to start for

This final, Official member of Party Center possible realize it, Amien Rais and PAN, Megawati from PDIP, Jusuf Kalla from Functional group, performing a campaign support the party candidate which go forward in pilkada of Governor and Regent. This Action in fact only like action " face saving". Its consideration ; than left by DPD, supported it the just by all of that candidate DPD , is immanent so that " grip" center in DPD . Though without the mentioned, all candidate and DPD of thorough fare. Clear here there no ": political recruitment" internal in party from center until area. Party have never done the election and candidate conscription which really according to party aspiration, loyal and rely on. All party candidate in pilkada, only incoming candidate because feeling to have the money, or they have come too far unintentionally have have to access strong in party; regent which stay the, chief DPD and because nepotism of head DPD. If anyway there is party convention, only conducted by come from, without criterion and socialization which enough. Shorten the word, candidate and official member of party of like if only " meeting in street", two coincidence people meet in market, tell among a seller and a buyer . In consequence, if our democracy this time only reliing on party as single catalyst democratize, its risk is our democracy become the " democracy of centang tenter", and not more only a " market democracy".

supporter of System multiparty have disregarded the political institute function and governance as society organizer efficiently and effective. A lot tell the system multiparty considered to be by a form democratize because giving opportunity to participate but this ascription which wrong. progressively of many party, exactly shall no longger function to integrate its nation but " divide the" society of because each owning ideology which its different. Have moment is Indonesia Use The Limited System Multi Party.

Vice President of Jusuf Kalla which also Head Leader of that DPP Functional group Party tell the, slenderize sum up the political party will be happened by itself by relate at electoral treshold, so that General election 2009 only followed by seven political party which get away at General election 2004

Vice President also have a notion the, amount political party of exist in Indonesia better be lessened by because to the number of amount of party cause the focus to serve the society will become to decrease

At 1999 participant of general election amount to 48 party of whereas at general election 2004 followed by 24 party. Sum up that expected will be continued to decrease at management of general election in year to come

Some big political party propose the boosting up boundary (electoral threshold) from 3% becoming 5%. Besides, government and DPR is compiling package of UU Politics weighing against new party step enter to become the party of general election participant. What more hard is, all political expert and our politician mirror at political system in Nations of like ACE and English which is only recognizing two party; conservative namely and Democrat.